新しい自宅サーバーに，OSやソフトウェアをインストールしていく．
もうちょっと待てばUbuntu Server 20.04 LTSがでるのがもどかしいが，リリース直後は互換性云々があるので，まあ18.04 LTSでいいか．
| Ubuntu Server 18.04.4 LTSのイメージファイルをダウンロード | |
| Rufusを使って，インストールメディアを作成 | |
| Ubuntu Serverのインストール（OpenSSHも同時にインストール） | |
| DHCP設定とIPの固定 | |
| SSHの設定（「」） | |
| Ubuntu諸々初期設定（「」） | |
| システムアップデート |
時刻設定．ついでにタイムゾーンも変更した．
$ sudo apt install chrony $ sudo nano /etc/chrony/chrony.conf # プロバイダがBIGLOBEなので，NTPサーバーを以下のように設定 # 変更前) 17行目, Ubuntu 18.04 # pool ntp.ubuntu.com iburst maxsources 4 # pool 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1 # pool 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1 # pool 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 2 # # 変更例) ※ BIGLOBE以外のプロバイダ契約の人はコピペしないように！！ # server ntp01.tk.mesh.ad.jp iburst minpoll 10 maxpoll 12 # server ntp02.tk.mesh.ad.jp iburst minpoll 10 maxpoll 12 # server ntp03.tk.mesh.ad.jp iburst minpoll 10 maxpoll 12 $ sudo service chrony restart $ sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Tokyo $ sudo timedatectl status $ date
システムドライブとして2TBのHDDがあり，その他に6TBのHDDを2台マウントさせる．
最初は2TBのHDDのみ認識されている．
$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/loop0: 89.1 MiB, 93417472 bytes, 182456 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop1: 93.8 MiB, 98336768 bytes, 192064 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/sda: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 333AC4AF-FDFA-4D9E-9EE5-F5157BDDD5E5 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System /dev/sda2 1050624 3907026943 3905976320 1.8T Linux filesystem $ sudo parted -l Model: ATA WDC WD20EZRZ-00Z (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 2000GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 538MB 537MB fat32 boot, esp 2 538MB 2000GB 2000GB ext4
2台目を追加．
sdbとして認識されている．
$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/loop0: 89.1 MiB, 93417472 bytes, 182456 sectors # -- 中略 -- Disk /dev/sdb: 5.5 TiB, 6001175126016 bytes, 11721045168 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes [ryo@ubuntu18 ~ Sun Apr 12 13:57:11] Model: ATA WDC WD20EZRZ-00Z (scsi) # -- 中略 -- Error: /dev/sdb: unrecognised disk label Model: ATA WDC WD60EZAZ-00Z (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 6001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: unknown Disk Flags:
partedで初期化とパーティションを作成する．
$ sudo parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Error: /dev/sdb: unrecognised disk label
Model: ATA WDC WD60EZAZ-00Z (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 6001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags:
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) p
Model: ATA WDC WD60EZAZ-00Z (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 6001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) mkpart primary
File system type? [ext2]? ext4
Start? 0%
End? 100%
(parted) q
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
# システム予約領域を1%としてフォーマット
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 -m 1 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 1465130240 4k blocks and 183144448 inodes
Filesystem UUID: b0db47b4-e263-4471-9253-b26ee0b1b353
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
$ sudo fdisk -l
# -- 中略 --
Disk /dev/sdb: 5.5 TiB, 6001175126016 bytes, 11721045168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: BF6B2DD3-32DB-471D-8426-CB6798B4C611
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 11721043967 11721041920 5.5T Linux filesystem
$ sudo parted -l
# -- 中略 --
Model: ATA WDC WD60EZAZ-00Z (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 6001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 6001GB 6001GB ext4 primary
$ sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Filesystem volume name:
Last mounted on:
Filesystem UUID: b0db47b4-e263-4471-9253-b26ee0b1b353
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file dir_nlink extra_isize metadata_csum
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 183144448
Block count: 1465130240
Reserved block count: 14651302
Free blocks: 1453294207
Free inodes: 183144437
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 1024
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 4096
Inode blocks per group: 256
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Sun Apr 12 14:19:38 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Sun Apr 12 14:19:44 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Sun Apr 12 14:19:38 2020
Check interval: 0 ()
Lifetime writes: 1039 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 32
Desired extra isize: 32
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: e3503014-63d7-47cd-b7a8-97aed911c6d3
Journal backup: inode blocks
Checksum type: crc32c
Checksum: 0x46aa359d
最後にマウントポイントを作成し，fstabに登録し，マウントを恒久化．
$ cd /mnt/ $ sudo mkdir disk1 $ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/disk1 $ sudo blkid /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1: UUID="b0db47b4-e263-4471-9253-b26ee0b1b353" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="b2574de8-f9e7-47d2-a44a-9177eb1c8a6b" $ sudo nano /etc/fstab # 以下2行を追記 # 2nd disk for samba UUID=b0db47b4-e263-4471-9253-b26ee0b1b353 /mnt/disk1/ ext4 defaults,nofail 0 0
再起動して，マウントが維持されていればOK．
もう１台も同様に設定する．
設定後．
$ sudo fdisk -l # -- 中略 -- Disk /dev/sdc: 5.5 TiB, 6001175126016 bytes, 11721045168 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 5ECBFC65-1E09-4679-9192-18EA47027942 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sdc1 2048 11721043967 11721041920 5.5T Linux filesystem $ sudo parted -l # -- 中略 -- Model: ATA ST6000DM003-2CY1 (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 6001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 6001GB 6001GB ext4 primary $ sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sdc1 tune2fs 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018) Filesystem volume name:Last mounted on: Filesystem UUID: bdc23deb-108e-4641-9262-6ef1efb21453 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file dir_nlink extra_isize metadata_csum Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: user_xattr acl Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 183144448 Block count: 1465130240 Reserved block count: 14651302 Free blocks: 1453294207 Free inodes: 183144437 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Group descriptor size: 64 Reserved GDT blocks: 1024 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 4096 Inode blocks per group: 256 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Sun Apr 12 14:46:22 2020 Last mount time: n/a Last write time: Sun Apr 12 14:46:25 2020 Mount count: 0 Maximum mount count: -1 Last checked: Sun Apr 12 14:46:22 2020 Check interval: 0 ( ) Lifetime writes: 1039 MB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 32 Desired extra isize: 32 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: 978f96b4-3361-40d8-8369-7c09ee296cb6 Journal backup: inode blocks Checksum type: crc32c Checksum: 0x9e4e78fd
NASにするので必要．
$ sudo apt install samba
# システムディスクのうちネットワークからアクセスできるフォルダを作成
$ sudo mkdir /home/share
$ sudo chmod 777 /home/share
$ sudo chown nobody:nogroup /home/share
# 設定
$ cd /etc/samba/
$ sudo cp smb.conf smb.conf_orig
$ sudo nano smb.conf
# [global] に以下を追加
unix charset = UTF-8
dos charset = CP932
load printers = no
disable spoolss = yes
hosts allow = 127. 192.168.
# [homes] に以下を追加
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
writable = yes
# [printers], [print$] の項目は全てコメントアウト
# 末尾に追加
[share]
comment = Shared folder
path = /home/share
guest ok = no
guest only = no
writable = yes
create mode = 0777
directory mode = 0777
[share2]
comment = Shared folder
path = /mnt/disk1/share2
guest ok = no
guest only = no
writable = yes
create mode = 0777
directory mode = 0777
[share3]
comment = Shared folder
path = /mnt/disk2/share3
guest ok = no
guest only = no
writable = yes
create mode = 0777
directory mode = 0777
# 設定確認
$ sudo testparm
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
WARNING: The "syslog" option is deprecated
Processing section "[share]"
Processing section "[share2]"
Processing section "[share3]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE
Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
# Global parameters
[global]
disable spoolss = Yes
dns proxy = No
dos charset = CP932
load printers = No
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
map to guest = Bad User
max log size = 1000
obey pam restrictions = Yes
pam password change = Yes
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
server role = standalone server
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
syslog = 0
unix password sync = Yes
usershare allow guests = Yes
idmap config * : backend = tdb
browseable = No
comment = Home Directories
hosts allow = 127. 192.168.
[share]
comment = Shared folder
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
path = /home/share
[share2]
comment = Shared folder
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
path = /mnt/disk1/share2
[share3]
comment = Shared folder
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
path = /mnt/disk2/share3
# 再起動
$ sudo service smbd restart
$ sudo service nmbd restart
共有フォルダにアクセスできるユーザー，グループを作っていく．
${user1}が全フォルダ，${user2}が[share3]のみにアクセスできるようにしておく．
# ユーザー作成
$ sudo adduser ${user1}
$ sudo adduser ${user2}
# グループ作成
$ sudo groupadd samba_full
$ sudo groupadd samba_limited
# グループ追加
$ sudo gpasswd -a ${user1} samba_full
$ sudo gpasswd -a ${user1} samba_limited
$ sudo gpasswd -a ${user2} samba_limited
# 確認
$ sudo cat /etc/group
$ sudo nano smb.conf
# 各セクション（[share]など）にアクセス可能なグループを以下のように追加
valid users = @samba_full
# sambaにユーザー登録
$ sudo pdbedit -a ${user1}
$ sudo pdbedit -a ${user2}
# 再起動
$ sudo service smbd restart
$ sudo service nmbd restart
なお，デフォルトではWindowsからファイルを書き込む場合，ファイルのオーナーが書き込んだユーザー／グループになってしまう．
すると，samba_limitedの他のユーザーが編集できなくなってしまったので，
force group = samba_limited
を追加した．
なお，create modeやcreate directoryも，これは上限を決めているだけなので，特定の値に強制したい場合はforceをつければいいらしい．
これで，最低限の設定が終わり，NASとしてファイル共有も可能になった．
今後，アプリケーションサーバーとして，適当に使っていく．
名前
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